Nice find.
One possible cause for the timezone difference is that the Campaigns run from the Schedulers, and these are executed by a crontab entry. So they use a PHP environment called CLI which is different from the one which executes inside Apache.
So, there are two different php.ini, typically these on Debian
/etc/php/8.2/apache2/php.ini
/etc/php/8.2/cli/php.ini
I know you’re a Red Hat man, I suppose these will be different but you will have no problem finding them.
Each has a date.timezone setting. Changing the Apache php.ini requires a web server restart, the CLI doesn’t need any restart.